What is Diabetes Type 2 ,Treatment & Guidelines !!!

 What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes is a chronic disease and requires lifelong treatment, although there is no permanent treatment for this disease, patients can continue their normal lives by taking necessary precautions such as a balanced diet, lifestyle modifications, and regular exercises. Treatment in diabetes aims to keep blood sugar levels within normal limits. Good patient-physician cooperation and education on diabetes are the most important elements of the treatment.

Diabetes additionally referred to as blood sugar, is a condition that occurs when the glucose level in the blood is excessive.

Glucose in the blood is the main energy source and insulin (hormone) produced by the pancreas in the body helps the glucose taken from the foods consumed to be transported to the blood cells.

Glucose is mostly taken from carbohydrates, proteins, fatty foods, fruits, vegetables, legumes, sugar, and sugar products.

In some cases, the body may not produce enough insulin or not be able to use the insulin effectively.

In this case, the glucose taken into the body mixes with the blood and cannot be transported to the cells. Increasing glucose levels in the body over time can also cause diabetes.

What are the types of Diabetes Disease?

The main types of diabetes; Type 1  &  Type 2 diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes is a chronic disease. The patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes when the pancreatic cells that produce insulin are disturbed and therefore insulin cannot be produced in sufficient quantity.

Insulin helps cells in the body to use glucose, which provides energy. Insulin takes the glucose that enters the body through food and distributes it to the cells.

When cells have enough glucose, the liver store the remaining glucose in the body. This stored glucose is separated from the liver and used when energy is needed. Glucose cannot be processed in type 1 diabetes patients due to a lack of insulin.

Therefore, glucose taken into the body cannot be transferred to the cells. As a result, it can be said that too much glucose will accumulate in the blood. High glucose levels can cause some problems in the short and long term.

What Causes Type 1 Diabetes?

Dehydration

When you have too much sugar in your blood, you will naturally urinate more, because this will only allow your body to excrete the excess sugar.

Type 1 diabetes can lead to dehydration, as frequent urination causes loss of too much water.

Weight loss

Glucose excreted from the body when you urinate also causes calories to be burned. Therefore, it can be said that many people with high glucose levels lose weight.

Ketoacidosis

If the body can't utilize enough glucose for energy, it breaks down fat cells and produces chemicals called ketones. The liver also releases the stored sugar to control the situation, but without insulin, this sugar cannot be used in the body.

Therefore, sugar and acidic ketones can accumulate in the body. This condition is also called ketoacidosis. If not treated immediately, it can cause a life-threatening condition.

Damage to your body’s organs

High glucose levels in your blood can over time damage nerves and small blood vessels in the eyes, kidneys, and heart. There may also be an increased chance of hardened arteries and atherosclerosis, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes.

Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms

Type 1 diabetes may not always manifest itself with symptoms. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes include excessive thirst, hunger, dry mouth, nausea and vomiting, frequent urination, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, breathing difficulties, and skin infections, and UTI.

If you experience symptoms such as confusion, rapid breathing, abdominal pain, and, in rare cases, loss of consciousness, it is recommended consulting a doctor immediately.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. It is a lifelong disease in which the body cannot use insulin as it should. People who are middle-aged or older are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.

However, Type 2 diabetes can also affect children and teenagers, especially due to childhood obesity. Excess weight, sedentary lifestyle, and stress are among the factors that trigger type 2 diabetes.

What Causes Type 2 Diabetes?

Both genetic and environmental factors cause type 2 diabetes as this disease can be transmitted through genes, overweight, metabolic syndrome, and malfunctioning of pancreatic cells as a result of this condition affecting insulin and glucose levels are among the conditions that can cause type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes usually develop slowly. A person can go on with his life for years without realizing that he has type 2 diabetes.

Symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, increased hunger, unintended weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow-healing wounds, frequent infections, are among the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. If you have two of these symptoms, it would be best to consult a doctor.

How to treat diabetes type 2 without insulin?

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 Treatment

There is no definitive treatment for diabetes mellitus type 2. However, patients diagnosed with diabetes can lead a quality life with the right treatment methods, healthy eating, and regular exercise. It is of great importance that the blood sugar level of individuals with diabetes is within the values that are considered normal.

Thus, the harm that the disease can cause to the body is minimized. At the same time, individuals diagnosed with diabetes should routinely check their blood sugar values in their daily lives. In order not to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, tobacco products should not be used and blood pressure and cholesterol levels should be kept at normal levels.

Diabetes is not a disease that gets better and disappears after medication for a while. On the contrary, this disease requires lifelong management. The treatment can be started with the regulation of the diet as the first step.

Being at an ideal weight and getting rid of excess weight makes it easier to control blood sugar. As a second step, regular exercise should be done. In the third stage, medicinal treatment can be applied if necessary with the precautions. Drugs used by diabetic patients are considered in 3 groups.

These are:

• Increasing insulin secretion

• Reducing insulin resistance

• And drugs that reduce glucose absorption.

Your doctor decides which of these drugs should be used according to glucose values and insulin resistance. In addition to glucose control in diabetic patients, control and follow-up of blood pressure and cholesterol are also of great importance.

It is recommended that these values are checked daily by the patients.

 How to treat diabetes type 2 without insulin?

Foods to avoid in Diabetes type 2

• Sugar, sugary foods and drinks such as soft drinks, cola, chocolate, alcoholic beverages like wine, beer, whiskey, etc., and foods with high fat and sugar content such as cakes, cookies, biscuits, and other sweet pieces of foodstuff.

• Deep-fried, and roasted foods.

• Fatty meats and fish, chicken, fatty organ meat, whole milk, and dairy products.

• Fatty foods like cream, butter, ketchup, cake, or salad dressings.

Lifestyle and diet modification in Diabetes type 2

• Diabetics should be prepared for snacks. The reason why snacks are recommended is to protect the person from long hunger. Thus, both the risk of hypoglycemia is removed and the feeling of hunger is suppressed and the amount and variety of foods to be eaten.

• The person should always have suitable foods to eat (in his bag, in his car, in the drawer of his desk at working place).

• To eat healthy, foods containing the elements the body needs should be consumed in a balanced way.

• Consume appropriate amounts of 4 main food groups (meat-legumes, milk-yogurt, vegetables, bread) at each meal.

• Do not skip your meals.

• Do at least 30 minutes of regular physical activity or exercises every day.

• Always consume green and leafy vegetables and fresh fruits.

• Pay attention to your calcium and iron consumption for your bone health and to prevent anemia.

• Choose whole grains instead of refined grain products.

• Consume less salt.

• Practice healthy food preparation and cooking methods.

• Keeping blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible reduces the risk of eye problems, nerve and kidney damage, heart attack, and stroke. For this, it is necessary to eat a healthy and balanced diet.

• Taking the foods necessary for the body in a certain balance in time and amount ensures that blood sugar is kept under control. This can prevent or delay the damage that may develop due to diabetes in the short and long term.

Conclusion

The absence of complaints does not mean that sugar is controlled. The patient must take responsibility for his treatment and monitor his sugar regularly. In addition, a healthy lifestyle can help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes and limit the harm that can occur with diabetes patients.

How to treat diabetes type 2 without insulin?

 

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